Introduction About EPITRATE INJECTION

EPITRATE INJECTION contains Adrenaline which belongs to the group of medicines called Sympathomimetics. It is used during emergency situations to manage severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), cardiac arrest (loss of heart functions) and anaphylactic shock (sudden drop in blood flow due to an allergic reaction).

Anaphylaxis can be defined as a severe, potential life-threatening medical condition characterized by severe decrease in blood pressure, heart function, skin rash, nausea, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat causing difficulty in breathing or swallowing. It is caused when an individual accidentally gets exposed towards certain chemicals (such as insect stings or bites, foods, drugs, sera, diagnostic testing substances and other allergens) that can trigger an allergic reaction in him.

EPITRATE INJECTION can also be used to increase blood pressure in patients suffering from low blood pressure caused due to septic shock. It also helps in inducing mydriasis (dilation of the pupils) prior to an eye surgery after diluting the medicine properly using an ophthalmic irrigating solution.

Before receiving EPITRATE INJECTION inform your doctor if you have any liver, kidney, or severe heart problems. You must also inform your doctor if you have diabetes, hypertension, glaucoma, thyroid disorders, atherosclerosis, or any other brain disorders.

Inform your doctor before receiving EPITRATE INJECTION if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. The common side effects of receiving EPITRATE INJECTION are tremors, pounding heartbeat, headache, sweating or dizziness. Inform your doctor if any of these side effects worsens.

Uses Of EPITRATE INJECTION

It is used to:

• manage severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
• manage anaphylactic shock
• manage cardiac arrest and to restore blood pressure
• induce mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) prior to an eye surgery

How EPITRATE INJECTION Works

EPITRATE INJECTION is a powerful cardiac stimulant. It works by binding to the alpha and beta receptors of the adrenergic system. This action, stimulates the heart, improves heart functions, and helps the heart to pump more blood smoothly. It also increases blood pressure among patients suffering from low blood pressure. It is also a powerful bronchodilator which relaxes the smooth muscle of the airway tract. This helps in reducing breathing difficulties caused due to anaphylactic reactions.

How to use EPITRATE INJECTION

EPITRATE INJECTION will be given only by a doctor or by a trained healthcare professional into the vein (intravenously) or into the muscle (intramuscularly) or under the skin (subcutaneously on the anterior part of the thigh).

It may also be administered into the eye (intracamerally) by an ophthalmologist prior to an eye surgery after diluting the medicine properly using an ophthalmic irrigating solution to cause pupil dilation.

Your doctor will decide the correct dose, duration of therapy and site of administration for you depending upon your age, body weight and health condition. However, care should be taken to not to administer EPITRATE INJECTION in areas which generally have low blood supply (such as fingers, toes, ears, nose, genitals, or buttocks).

Side Effects Of EPITRATE INJECTION

How To Manage Side Effects

Dizziness Or Drowsiness

Try to rest and relax. Avoid driving or operating heavy tools or machines while you are feeling dizzy. Avoid consumption of alcohol. Consult your doctor if your dizziness did not improve.

Headache

Try to take rest. Apply a pain-relieving balm on your forehead. If the symptom does not improve, consult with your doctor.

Warning & Precautions

Pregnancy

Monitoring required

EPITRATE INJECTION should be used in pregnant women only if considered necessary by the physician. Therefore, inform your doctor before receiving EPITRATE INJECTION if you are pregnant or think you may be pregnant or planning to have a baby.

Breastfeeding

Monitoring required

EPITRATE INJECTION should be used in breastfeeding women only if considered necessary by the physician. Therefore, inform your doctor before receiving EPITRATE INJECTION if you are breastfeeding.

Driving and Using Machines

Use with Caution

Do not drive or operate any machines if you experience dizziness or any other symptoms that affects your ability to drive after receiving EPITRATE INJECTION.

Kidney

Use with Caution

EPITRATE INJECTION should be used with caution in patients with kidney diseases. Therefore, consult your doctor before receiving it.

Liver

Use with Caution

EPITRATE INJECTION should be used with caution in patients with liver disease. Therefore, consult your doctor before receiving it.

Allergy

Contraindicated

Do not receive EPITRATE INJECTION if you are allergic to Adrenaline.

Heart Disease

Consult your doctor

EPITRATE INJECTION is not recommended for use in patients with severe heart disease which involves an increased heart rate. It should be used with caution in patients with other heart problems (such as high blood pressure). Therefore, consult your doctor before receiving it.

Use In Pediatrics

Use with Caution

EPITRATE INJECTION should be used with caution in children and adolescents (aged below 18 years). Therefore, consult your doctor before receiving it.

Use In Geriatrics

Use with Caution

EPITRATE INJECTION should be used with caution in elderly patients. Therefore, consult your doctor before receiving it.

Interactions

A. Drug-Drug interactions:

Before receiving EPITRATE INJECTION, inform your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines such as:

• antidepressants (used to manage depression) such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Ex. phenelzine, selegiline, isocarboxazid) or tricyclic antidepressants (Ex. imipramine, amitriptyline)
• cardiac glycosides (used to manage abnormal heart rhythm) such as digoxin
• guanethidine (a medicine used to high blood pressure)
• diuretics (used to reduce edema by increasing urine output) such as hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide
• inhaled general anesthetics (used to cause loss of consciousness) such as halothane
• medicines used to control blood pressure (such as atenolol, propranolol, phentolamine, bisoprolol)
• medicines used to manage diabetes (such as insulin or glipizide)
• aminophylline and theophylline (medicines used to improve breathing)
• corticosteroids (medicines used to manage inflammatory conditions in your body such as asthma or arthritis) Ex. dexamethasone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone
• antihistamines (used to manage allergic conditions) Ex. diphenhydramine
• medicines used to manage psychiatric disorders (such as chlorpromazine or fluphenazine)
• medicines used to manage thyroid deficiency (Ex. thyroxine)
• oxytocin (a medicine used to induce labor)
• cough preparations (such as ambroxol, terbutaline, chlorpheniramine)

Overdosage:

EPITRATE INJECTION will be given to you only by a doctor or nurse in a hospital, and so it is unlikely to receive an overdose. However, inform your doctor immediately if you experience any unusual symptoms.

Synopsis

More Information

• Keep EPITRATE INJECTION out of reach of children
• Store EPITRATE INJECTION at room temperature
• Protect EPITRATE INJECTION from direct sunlight

FAQs About EPITRATE INJECTION

Q: What is the use of EPITRATE INJECTION?

A: EPITRATE INJECTION is used during emergency situations to manage severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), cardiac arrest (loss of heart functions) and anaphylactic shock (sudden drop in blood flow due to an allergic reaction). It can also be used to increase blood pressure in patients suffering from low blood pressure caused due to septic shock. It also helps in inducing mydriasis (dilation of the pupils) prior to an eye surgery after diluting the medicine properly using an ophthalmic irrigating solution.

Q: Is EPITRATE INJECTION safe?

A: EPITRATE INJECTION is safe when used under proper medical supervision and at the prescribed doses.

Q: What EPITRATE INJECTION does to my heart?

A: EPITRATE INJECTION is a powerful cardiac stimulant. It works by binding to the alpha and beta receptors of the adrenergic system. This action, stimulates the heart, improves heart functions, and helps the heart to pump more blood smoothly. It also increases blood pressure among patients suffering from low blood pressure.

Q: Can EPITRATE INJECTION be used to manage emergency conditions?

A: Yes. [GBNKEYWORD can be used during emergency conditions like cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, and anaphylactic shock.

Q: What precautions do I need to follow while taking EPITRATE INJECTION?

A: Patients receiving EPITRATE INJECTION must inform their doctor about their pre-existing disease conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, glaucoma, liver problems, kidney problems, heart problems or thyroid problems. It is also important to inform your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding before receiving EPITRATE INJECTION.

Q: How EPITRATE INJECTION is administered?

A: EPITRATE INJECTION will be given only by a doctor or by a trained healthcare professional into the vein (intravenously) or into the muscle (intramuscularly) or under the skin (subcutaneously on the anterior part of the thigh). It may also be administered into the eye (intracamerally) by an ophthalmologist prior to an eye surgery after diluting the medicine properly using an ophthalmic irrigating solution to cause pupil dilation.

Q: Can EPITRATE INJECTION cause an increase in heart rate?

A: Yes. EPITRATE INJECTION is known to increase heart rate and is used to restore your heart rate during emergency conditions like cardiac failure.

Q: Can EPITRATE INJECTION cause high blood pressure?

A: Yes. EPITRATE INJECTION can be used to increase blood pressure in patients suffering from low blood pressure caused due to septic shock. For this reason, it should be used with caution in patients having hypertension. Therefore, inform your doctor before receiving it.

Q: Can EPITRATE INJECTION cause dizziness?

A: Yes. EPITRATE INJECTION may cause dizziness in some individuals after administration. Try to rest and relax. Avoid driving or operating heavy tools or machines while you are feeling dizzy. Avoid consumption of alcohol. Consult your doctor if your dizziness did not improve.

Q: Is EPITRATE INJECTION safe for use during pregnancy?

A: EPITRATE INJECTION should be used in pregnant women only if considered necessary by the physician. Therefore, inform your doctor before receiving EPITRATE INJECTION if you are pregnant or think you may be pregnant or planning to have a baby.

References

1. KD. Tripathi. Adrenergic Transmission and Adrenergic Drugs. Essentials of medical pharmacology. 8th Edition. 2019. Page – 146-151.

2. Johannes Ring, Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil, Ludger Klimek, Prof. Dr. med., and Margitta Worm, Prof. Dr. med. Adrenaline in the Acute Treatment of Anaphylaxis. NIH National Library of Medicine, National center for biotechnology information. August 2018] [Accessed on 7th September 2022] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6131363/#:~:text=Adrenaline%2Fepinephrine%20antagonizes%20crucial%20pathogenetic,edema%20in%20the%20upper%20airway

3. Stephen F Kemp, Richard F Lockey and F Estelle R Simons. Adrenaline in the Acute Treatment of Anaphylaxis. NIH National Library of Medicine, National center for biotechnology information. July 2008. [Accessed on 7th September 2022] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3666145/

4. Macarthys Laboratories Limited. Electronic medicines compendium (EMC). [Revised in September 2019]. [Accessed on 7th September 2022] https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/files/pil.3673.pdf

5. Mercury Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Electronic medicines compendium (EMC). [Revised in November 2018] [Accessed on 7th September 2022] https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/files/pil.6595.pdf

6. JHP Pharmaceuticals, LLC. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). [Revised in December 2012] [Accessed on 7th September 2022] https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/204200s000lbl.pdf

7. Par Pharmaceutical, Inc. Dailymed.com. [Revised in January 2019] [Accessed on 7th September 2022] https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=3b7a4364-668d-4eb2-a20c-04adc35aabe4&type=display

Useful Diagnostic Tests

• Absolute Eosinophil count
• Total IgE