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INTRODUCTION
ADCAPONE contains Entacapone which belongs to the group of medicines called COMT inhibitors. It is used to manage Parkinson’s disease in combination with Levodopa. Parkinson’s disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that causes unintended or uncontrollable movements, such as shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination.
Entacapone is a reversible, specific and peripherally acting COMT inhibitor administered with Levodopa preparations. It aids Levodopa in relieving the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and has no effect on the disease unless taken with Levodopa. Entacapone decreases the metabolic loss of Levodopa by inhibiting the COMT enzyme. This leads to a higher Levodopa availability to the brain. Thus,relieving the disease condition.
ADCAPONE is not recommended for use in patients having phaeochromocytoma (adrenal gland tumor), liver disease and rhabdomyolysis (muscle disorder). Before taking ADCAPONE, inform your doctor if you have heart or kidney disease. ADCAPONE is also not recommended for use among pregnant or breastfeeding women. ADCAPONE is generally not recommended in children. Consult your doctor before taking it. The most common side effects of taking ADCAPONE are difficulty in performing voluntary movements, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, dry mouth, dizziness, tiredness, increased sweating and hallucinations.
USES OF ADCAPONE
- Manages Parkinson’s disease in combination with Levodopa or Carbidopa
HOW ADCAPONE WORKS
ADCAPONE is a reversible, specific and peripherally acting COMT inhibitor administered with Levodopa preparations. It aids Levodopa in relieving the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and has no effect on the disease unless taken with Levodopa. Entacapone decreases the metabolic loss of Levodopa by inhibiting the COMT enzyme. This leads to a higher levodopa availability to the brain. Thus, relieving the symptoms of the disease.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
Take ADCAPONE as advised by your physician. Swallow it with a glass of water. Do not crush or chew the medicine. Your doctor will decide the correct dose and duration for you depending upon your age, body weight and disease condition.
SIDE EFFECTS OF ADCAPONE
COMMON
- dyskinesias (uncontrollable movements with difficulty in performing voluntary movements)
- feeling sick (nausea, vomiting)
- diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, and dry mouth
- harmless reddish-brown discoloration of urine.
- Worsening of symptoms, prolonged muscle cramps (dystonia)
- dizziness, tiredness, increased sweating, falling
- hallucinations (seeing/hearing/feeling/smelling things that are not there)
- sleeplessness, vivid dreams, and confusion
- heart or artery disease (Ex. chest pain, angina)
UNCOMMON
- heart attack (chest pain radiating to other parts of your body such as your left arm, jaw and neck, shortness of breath, anxiety, feeling light-headed and nausea)
RARE
- drowsy and suddenly falling asleep
- neuroleptic malignant syndrome (characterized by stiffness, muscle twitching, shaking, agitation, confusion, coma, high body temperature, increased heart rate and unstable blood pressure)
- rhabdomyolysis (rare severe muscle disorder which causes pain, tenderness and weakness of the muscles, sensitivity to pressure and may lead to kidney problems)
- rashes characterized by redness or bumps on the skin
- abnormal results in liver function tests
HOW TO MANAGE SIDE EFFECTS
Nausea or vomiting:
Take this medicine with, or just after meals. Stick to simple meals. Avoid eating oily or spicy foods.
Constipation:
Eat plenty of fiber rich foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables and cereals and drink plenty of water. Exercise more regularly.
Diarrhea:
Drink lots of fluids, such as water or fruit juice to keep yourself hydrated. Do not consume any medicine on your own without consulting your doctor.
Stomach pain:
Try to rest and relax. Eat and drink slowly. Keep a heating pad on your stomach. If the symptom does not improve, contact your doctor.
WARNING & PRECAUTIONS
PREGNANCY
ADCAPONE is not recommended for pregnant women. Consult your doctor before taking it.
BREASTFEEDING
ADCAPONE is not recommended for breastfeeding women. Consult your doctor before taking it.
DRIVING AND USING MACHINES
Do not drive or use machines while taking ADCAPONE as it can lower your blood pressure, which may make you feel light-headed, drowsy and suddenly fall asleep.
KIDNEY
Dose adjustment of ADCAPONE may be required for patients who are under dialysis therapy. Consult your doctor before taking it.
LIVER
ADCAPONE is not recommended for patients with liver disease. Consult your doctor before taking it.
ALLERGY
Do not take if you are allergic (hypersensitive) to Entacapone.
HEART DISEASE
ADCAPONE should be used with caution in patients with heart diseases (history of heart attack, low blood pressure etc.). Consult your doctor before taking it.
OTHERS
ADCAPONE is not recommended for use if you:
- have phaeochromocytoma (a tumor of the adrenal gland which may increase the risk of high blood pressure)
- have ever had neuroleptic malignant syndrome (characterized by stiffness, muscle twitching, shaking, agitation, confusion, coma, high body temperature, increased heart rate and unstable blood pressure)
- have ever suffered from a rare muscle disorder called rhabdomyolysis (pain, tenderness and weakness of the muscles, sensitivity to pressure, and may lead to kidney problems which was not caused by injury).
Before taking ADCAPONE, inform your doctor if you:
- have an intolerance to some sugars
- have prolonged diarrhea as it may be a sign of inflammation of the colon (large intestine or gut)
- have increasing loss of appetite, weakness, exhaustion and weight loss within a relatively short period of time
- have impulse control disorder (Ex. addictive gambling, excessive eating or spending, abnormal high sex drive or sexual feelings)
Use in pediatrics:
ADCAPONE is not recommended for children and adolescents under 18 years of age. Consult your doctor before taking it.
Use in geriatrics:
ADCAPONE should be used with caution in elderly patients. Consult your doctor before taking it.
INTERACTIONS
A. Drug - Drug interactions:
Before taking ADCAPONE, inform your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines:
- non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Ex. Phenelzine, tranylcypromine)
- reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors type A (Ex. moclobemide) together with monoamine oxidase inhibitors type B (Ex. selegiline)
- rimiterole, isoprenaline
- adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, dobutamine
- alpha-methyldopa, apomorphine
- antidepressants: tricyclic antidepressants (Ex. amitriptyline, desipramine), maprotiline, venlafaxine, paroxetine
- warfarin (used to thin the blood)
- iron supplements
Overdosage:
If you or anyone else accidentally take too much of ADCAPONE, consult your doctor immediately or visit the nearby hospital. Symptoms of overdose are confusion, decreased activity, feeling sleepy, decreased muscle tone, skin discoloration and urticaria (skin rash).
SYNOPSIS
| Drug | : | Entacapone |
| Pharmacological Category | : | COMT Inhibitors |
| Therapeutic Indication | : | Manages Parkinson’s disease as an adjunct to levodopa and carbidopa therapy |
| Dosage Forms | : | Tablet |
MORE INFORMATION
- Keep ADCAPONE out of reach of children
- Store at temperature not exceeding 30°C
FAQs ABOUT ADCAPONE
Can ADCAPONE cause sleepiness?
Yes, ADCAPONE may make you dizzy or drowsy. It may even make you fall asleep without warning while you drive, talk, or eat. Do not do anything that could be dangerous until you know how this medicine affects you.
Can ADCAPONE cause dark urine?
Yes, ADCAPONE can cause your urine to become reddish-brown. This is nothing to be concerned about. If you notice any unusual red, brown, or black spots on your skin, then consult your doctor right away.
Can I cut ADCAPONE in half?
No, you should not split, crush or chew ADCAPONE. Swallow the medicine completely.
Can ADCAPONE cause hallucinations?
Yes, ADCAPONE can develop unusual or strange thoughts and behavior, discuss it with your doctor immediately. Other changes might be confusion, worsening of depression, unusual excitement, nervousness, or irritability.
REFERENCES
1. KD Tripathi. Antiparkinsonian Drugs.Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. Eighth Edition. 2019. Page – 459-460.
2. J P Larsen, J Worm-Petersen, A Sidén, A Gordin, K Reinikainen, M Leinonen.The tolerability and efficacy of entacapone over 3 years in patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinson’s disease. [Revised on March 2003] [Accessed on 5th May 2022] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12603288/
3. Gerard Laboratories. Electronic Medicines Compendium (EMC). [Revised in December 2020] [Accessed on 5th May2022] https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/files/pil.8818.pdf
4. Entacapone. NIH. [Revised in April 2022] [Accessed on 5th May 2022] https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/parkinsons-disease
The contents of this website are for informational purposes only and not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Do not disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.
